What is Sundowning?

A phenomenon related to dementia

Sundowning, or sundown syndrome, refers to a phenomenon commonly associated with dementia, including Alzheimer's. It is characterized by increased agitation, confusion, and behavioral changes that occur later in the day, usually during the late afternoon and evening. While the exact cause of sundowning is not fully understood, several factors may contribute to its occurrence:

 Five sundowning factors to be aware of

1. Disruption of the internal body clock: Individuals with dementia may experience disruptions in their circadian rhythm, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and other physiological processes. This disruption can lead to increased restlessness and confusion as daylight fades. 

2. Fatigue and exhaustion: People with dementia often experience increased fatigue as the day progresses, exacerbating their cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This tiredness can contribute to heightened confusion and irritability. 

3. Diminishing natural light: As daylight diminishes in the evening, the decrease in natural light can affect the perception and orientation of individuals with dementia. Reduced light can make it more challenging for them to navigate their surroundings and understand their environment, leading to increased anxiety and agitation. 

4. Environmental changes: During the evening, there may be changes in the physical and social environment, such as increased noise, shadows, or unfamiliar faces, which can be unsettling for individuals with dementia. These changes can trigger anxiety and confusion, contributing to sundowning episodes. 

5. Hormonal imbalances: Some researchers suggest that hormonal imbalances, such as a disruption in melatonin production or abnormal cortisol levels, may play a role in sundowning. These imbalances could contribute to the worsening of symptoms during the evening hours.

How to manage sundowning episodes

It's important to note that not all individuals with dementia experience sundowning, and the severity and frequency of symptoms can vary. Managing sundowning episodes often involve:

·   Creating a soothing and structured environment.

·   Maintaining a consistent daily routine.

·   Ensuring proper lighting.

·   Promoting relaxation techniques.

· Discuss medication options with healthcare professionals when necessary.

If you or a loved one is experiencing the effects of sundowning and you seek support, reach out to our team; we can help.